Results: Growth curve analysis revealed that children with simultaneous bilateral CIs demonstrated faster growth of receptive vocabulary than those with bimodal stimulation, followed by those with unilateral CIs. Receptive and expressive vocabulary sizes were computed. Parents were asked to endorse words that their child could understand only or understand and say using the Early Vocabulary Inventory for Mandarin Chinese at the day of CI activation and 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after CI activation. They all received CIs before 30 months of age. Method: Participants included 23 children with simultaneous bilateral CIs, 23 children with bimodal stimulation, and 15 children with unilateral CIs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate vocabulary development in Mandarin-speaking children with bilateral cochlear implants (CIs), bimodal stimulation (CI plus hearing aids ), or unilateral CIs during the first year after CI activation. Conclusion: These findings have implications for clinical practice and for future research with current CI technology for facilitating parent education, counseling, and realistic expectations for children with ANSD and CIs. Children with ANSD fit with CIs can achieve outcomes similar to children with sensorineural hearing loss and CIs, despite the heterogeneity of ANSD. Improvements in outcome performance were observed in all the included studies. Results: Evidence supports cochlear implantation as an appropriate intervention for children with ANSD. Each of the four studies was assigned a level of evidence for effectiveness and quality assessment rating. Four articles meeting inclusion criteria were critically appraised for reputable research design and risks of bias. Peer-reviewed articles published between 20 evaluating children with a diagnosis of ANSD who were implanted prior to 3 years of age with a range of speech, language, and auditory behavioral outcomes were included. Two databases were searched utilizing a search strategy derived from the PICO (patient, intervention, comparison, outcome) framework. Method: A mini-systematic review of the literature supporting evidence-based practices was performed. The aim of this mini-systematic review was to evaluate the evidence reporting speech, language, and auditory behavioral outcome measures for children with a diagnosis of auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD) who received cochlear implants (CIs) prior to 3 years of age.
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